Soundscape and the adaptation of soundscape to covered spaces/Isitsel peyzaj kavrami ve kapali mekanlarin akustik konfor degerlendirmesinde kullanilabilirligi

Soundscape, as urban noise is termed, is essentially a qualitative approach which aims to discover ways to improve the "sonic environment". A possible analogy can be assumed for the acoustic quality of some types of covered spaces which have a function similar to urban spaces. Furthermore, it can be proposed that such covered spaces may have a specific, distinct and recognizable sound environment--hence, a "soundscape" occurs which is created both by the architecture and the sound sources. This study takes a further step in suggesting that the acoustic comfort or sound quality of these spaces cannot be sufficiently dealt with via noise parameters. This paper aims to show the possibility of evaluating the acoustical quality of covered spaces, such as shopping centers, through soundscape studies. The formation of streets is the basic spatial design concept that connects open and closed shopping areas. For this reason the researchers chose to study a modern and an historical shopping center and a modern and a traditional street, both of which have shopping as a basic function, The soundscapes of these open and closed shopping areas were determined by soundwalks and listening tests. The objective and subjective findings of this study showed that covered shopping areas have a specific soundscape that can be evaluated by the soundwalk method regardless of whether the environment is open or covered. Key words: Soundscape; urban acoustic comfort; acoustic comfort in covered spaces. Isitsel peyzaj (soundscape), birden fazla ses kaynagi ve cevresel etkilesim sonucunda olusan isitsel ortamin, olumlu ya da olumsuz yargilardan bagimsiz olarak saptanmasi seklinde tanimlanabilir. Isitsel peyzaj kavrami, gurultuden kaynaklanan rahatsizligin yani sira incelenen alana ozgu farkli seslerin toplam etkisini degerlendirmektedir. Esdeger gurultu duzeyi kavrami ile onunla birlikte kullanilacak, belki de zaman icinde onun yerini alacak isitsel peyzaj kavrami arasindaki en buyuk fark ses ortaminin degerlendirilmesindeki hedef yaklasimlaridir. Esdeger gurultu duzeyi kavrami, bir alandaki tum ses ve gurultuleri toplamsal olarak dikkate alir ve olumsuzlastirir. Buna karsin isitsel peyzaj, belli bir bolgeye ozgu ayirt edilebilir ses (ornegin ezan sesi) ve arka plan gurultulerinin (ornegin Istanbul'da deniz tasitlarinin ses ve gurultuleri) isitsel algilama uzerinde olumlu da olabilecek etkilerini ortaya koymayi, boylelikle de iyilestirmeyi / korumayi, alana ozgun duruma getirmeyi hedefl