Judo, soccer and track-and-field differential effects on some anthropological characteristics in seven-year-old boys/Razlikovni ucinci treninga juda, nogometa i atletike na antropoloska obiljezja sedmogodisnjih djecaka

In this paper we studied the effects of nine months of physical training by comparing seven-year-old boys participating in the 9-month-training in soccer, track-and-field and judo, with non-additionally physically engaged same-aged controls. The experimental programmes consisted of additional 45-minute exercise routines 3 times weekly. The morphological measures, motor-endurance changes and differences were studied. No significant differences were found between the groups at the study's onset, except in the 20m dash, where the track-and-field group was superior to the control group. All the experimental programmes led to significant improvements in some anthropological characteristics among the participants compared to the control group. In conclusion, it is difficult to rank the experimental programmes in terms of multidimensional implications on some anthropological characteristics. It is much more appropriate to conclude that each programme had a specific influence on the variables of some anthropological characteristics that are highly important in a particular sport. Key words: motor abilities, morphology, experimental programmes U ovom istrazivanju analiziran je utjecaj tri razlicita devetomjesecna eksperimentalna programa (nogomet, atletika i judo) i kontrolnog programa (redovita nastava TZK) na koordinaciju, agilnost, fleksibilnost, misicnu i aerobnu izdrzljivost, te potkozno masno tkivo kod sedmogodisnjih djecaka bez dotadasnjeg sportskog iskustva. Svi su ispitanici testirani dva puta (inicijalno i finalno), a treninzi su se provodili tri puta tjedno u trajanju od 45 minuta. Primijenjena je analiza varijance (ANOVA) s post-hoc usporedbom pomocu Scheffe's testa te je izracunata univarijatna analiza varijance razlika (one-way ANOVA) srednjih vrijednosti rezultata medu skupinama od inicijalnog do finalnog mjerenja za morfoloske i motoricke varijable. U inicijalnom je mjerenju utvrdeno da nema znacajnih razlika u primijenjenim varijablama izmedu skupina, osim u testu sprint na 20m i to u korist esperimentalne atletske skupine u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu ispitanika. Ispitanici sve tri eksperimentalne skupine postigli su znacajan napredak u nekima od primijenjenih antropoloskih varijabla u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom. Zakljucno, nije moguce precizno rangirati primijenjene eksperimentalne programe prema kriteriju visestranog utjecaja na razvoj motorickog statusa kod sedmogodisnjih djecaka. Primjerenije je zakljuciti da je svaki eksperimentalni prog