Evaluation of ground loss ratio with moving trajectories induced in double-O-tube tunnelling

This paper investigates the influence of moving trajectories on ground loss ratio (GRL) due to the double-O-tube (DOT) tunnelling method. DOT tunnelling has three moving trajectories: pitching, yawing, and rolling, which have different behaviours during tunnel construction compared with those from single circular shield tunnelling. These moving trajectories cause overexcavation during tunnelling. The calculation method of gap area between the DOT shield machine and linings is evaluated in this research. Based on the superposition concept, the modification equation of GLR is proposed, which takes both moving trajectory and grouting volume into consideration. A field DOT tunnelling case is analysed to determine the correlation between moving trajectories and ground settlement. The influence of tail grouting is discussed by adjusting the grouting volume in different periods. The finite element method is also employed by setting the modified ground loss ratio (GLR') as the contraction increment of linings. Results from both the measured and simulated settlements verify the reasonability of the proposed equation and the effect of moving trajectories on ground loss.