Cd1d regulates B cell development but not B cell accumulation and IL10 production in mice with pathologic CD5+ B cell expansion

CD1d is a widely expressed lipid antigen presenting molecule required for CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell development. Elevated CD1d expression is detected in CD5.sup.+ IL10-producing B cells, called B10 B cells, and is correlated with poorer prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a CD5.sup.+ B cell malignancy with B10-like functional properties. Whether CD1d expression regulates CD5.sup.+ B cell accumulation, IL10 competence, and antibody production in naïve mice with pathologic CD5.sup.+ B cell expansion remains untested. Using three different transgenic mouse models of benign or leukemic CD5.sup.+ B cell expansion, we found that CD1d was differentially expressed on CD5.sup.+ B cells between the three models, but loss of CD1d expression had no effect on CD5.sup.+ B cell abundance or inducible IL10 expression in any of the models. Interestingly, in the CLL-prone E[mu]-TCL1 model, loss of CD1d expression suppressed spontaneous IgG (but not IgM) production, whereas in the dnRAG1xE[mu]-TCL1 (DTG) model of accelerated CLL, loss of CD1d expression was associated with elevated numbers of splenic CD4.sup.+ and CD8.sup.+ T cells and an inverted CD4.sup.+:CD8.sup.+ T cell ratio. Unexpectedly, before leukemia onset, all three transgenic CD1d-deficient mouse strains had fewer splenic transitional B cells than their CD1d- proficient counterparts. The results show that CD1d expression and iNKT cells are dispensable for the development, accumulation, or IL10 competence of CD5.sup.+ B cells in mice prone to benign or leukemic CLL-like B cell expansion, but reveal a novel role for iNKT cells in supporting B cell progression through the transitional stage of development in these animals. These results suggest CD1d-directed therapies to target CLL could be evaded by downregulating CD1d expression with little effect on continued leukemic CD5.sup.+ B cell survival. The data also imply that iNKT cells help restrain pro-leukemic CD8.sup.+ T cell expansion in CLL, potentially explaining a reported correlation in human CLL between disease progression, the loss of NKT cells, and a paradoxical increase in CD8.sup.+ T cells.