Data Mining Approaches for Geo-Spatial Big Data: Uncertainty Issues

The availability of a vast amount of heterogeneous information from a variety of sources ranging from satellite imagery to the Internet has been termed as the problem of Big Data. Currently there is a great emphasis on the huge amount of geophysical data that has a spatial basis or spatial aspects. To effectively utilize such volumes of data, data mining techniques are needed to manage discovery from such volumes of data. An important consideration for this sort of data mining is to extend techniques to manage the inherent uncertainty involved in such spatial data. In this paper the authors first provide overviews of uncertainty representations based on fuzzy, intuitionistic, and rough sets theory and data mining techniques. To illustrate the issues they focus on the application of the discovery of association rules in approaches for vague spatial data. The extensions of association rule extraction for uncertain data as represented by rough and fuzzy sets are described. Finally an example of rule extraction for both fuzzy and rough set types of uncertainty representations is given