The Effects of Flipped Classrooms on English Composition Writing in an EFL Environment

The authors discuss the empirical results of a study comparing two English composition courses conducted with Japanese university students. One course was taught in a traditional way and the other using the flipped method. The results showed that those studying under the flipped method spent a significantly higher number of hours preparing for class (t(20) = 2.67, p = .014, d = 1.14) and produced a significantly higher number of words in compositions written in the posttest (t(10) = 3.37, p = .007, d = 1.44). The flipped method also appeared to result in significantly greater improvements in the writing proficiency of participants (t(32) = 5.17, p < .001, d = 1.15) and when using a one-way ANCOVA to make a comparison with the traditional method in the posttest (F (1, 63) = 13.50, p < .001, ?2 = .18). The capability to view explanations of the text as many times as participants wished, as well as opportunities for direct and immediate individual feedback from the instructor for participants in the flipped group are discussed as possible reasons for the salient differences.