Ozone layer protection: country incremental costs

The Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer 1985 was the starting point for global cooperation to protect the stratospheric ozone layer. It was followed by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 1987, the London Amendment in 1990, and the Copenhagen Amendment in 1992. However, complying with the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments does constrain industrial development and therefore adds to costs. These costs, the incremental costs, are incurred by any country when it makes special efforts that it would not otherwise have made, in order to comply. The methodologies of the calculation of the incremental costs have since been broadened in two ways: by examining the incremental costs of actions directed at other global environmental problems, and by examining the issues in calculating incremental costs at sector and country levels. The papers in this collection cover the application of incremental costs methodologies to the issue of phasing out ozone-depleting substances in developing countries.