Treatment of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis with AICI₃ leads to adaptive acquirement of heritable aluminum resistance

When aluminum (Al) was added to a culture, growth of Rhodotorula glutinis IFO1125 was temporarily arrested, showing longer lag phases, depending on the Al concentrations (50-300 micromolar) added, but the growth rates were not affected at all. Resistant strains obtained by one round of plate treatment containing Al reverted the resistance level to the wild-type level when cultivated without Al. Repeated Al treatments, however, induced heritable and stable Al resistance, the level of which was increased up to 4,000 micromolar by stepwise increments in Al concentrations. Thus, the heritable Al resistance adaptively acquired was due neither to adaptation nor to mutation, but to a mechanism which has yet to be studied. Heritable Al resistance seemed to release the Al inhibition of magnesium uptake.