Optimizing in vitro regeneration from Iranian native dwarf rootstock of apple (Malus domestica Borkh)

The regeneration potential is different among cultivars and must be optimized for individual genotypes. Regeneration of adventitious shoots from native dwarf rootstock of apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Gami Almasi) was optimized for the first time. Shoot regeneration step is a critical factor in apple Agrobacterium mediated transformation. In this experiment a protocol for direct organogenesis from leaf of in vitro grown shoots obtained from apple CV Gami Almasi. Two regeneration medium with MS, N6 compounds and various combinations of BA and NAA were used. Also two leaf and callus tissue used for regeneration tests. MS medium was better than N6 for shoot regeneration and optimum phytohormons concentrations were achieved in 7.5 mg L-1 BA and 2 mg L-1 NAA. Shoots that regenerated were obtained only from leaf and callus did not regenerate any shoot. Shoot usually regenerated without callus from leaves. Highest percentage of shoot regeneration from leaf with 93.75% in MS medium was achieved.