Development of wheat germplasms with multi-resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust and yellow dwarf virus by molecular marker-assisted selection

选育和推广多抗、兼抗型小麦品种是今后小麦育种发展方向之一。本研究通过复合杂交、回交，将抗白粉病基因聚合体Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV、抗条锈病基因YrX（源自YW243）、抗黄矮病基因Bdv2向优异农艺亲本转育。利用抗病性鉴定和分子标记辅助选择，选育出聚合了3～5个抗病基因的兼抗白粉、条锈和黄矮病的冬性小麦新种质和春性小麦新种质，其中聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等5个抗病基因的冬性材料1株，聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2d 的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为2株、3株，聚合Pm4 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等4个抗病基因的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为6株和18株，聚合Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2、PmV +YrX +Bdv2等3个抗病基因的春性材料分别为7株和46株。本研究可为小麦多抗、兼抗育种提供遗传组成明确的丰富抗源和快捷的选择方法。 The genes conferring respectively resistance to wheat powdery mildew, wheat stripe rust and yellow dwarf disease were transferred to some elite wheat varieties with good agronomic characters by recurrent crossing and phenotype selection. Some winter and spring wheat individuals possessing multi-resistance genes were selected by phenotype and molecular marker-assisted selection，including 1 individual pyramiding 5 resistance genes of Pm4+Pm13+PmV +YrX+Bdv2, 5 individuals pyramiding 4 genes of Pm4+Pm13+YrX+Bdv2, 24 individuals pyramiding 4 genes of Pm4+PmV +YrX+Bdv2, 7 and 46 individuals pyramiding 3 genes of Pm13+YrX