Hostage crisis management system

Crisis management in Serbia is a relatively new concept, both in theory and in practice. Hostage crises belong to a type of crises that can be influenced by numerous factors. In that sense, it is essential to develop an adequate system of hostage crisis management, founded on scientific basis and the examples of good practical acting in similar situations. Organization occupies the central position in hostage crisis management. The system of hostage crisis administration and management is organized in different ways in different countries. The recognition of hostage crisis management specificity as a diverse type of management began with the presentations of basic theoretical findings about management. First part of the paper presents basic theories of management in chronological order, from the first schools of management to contemporary management theories. The application of basic assumptions and rules was possible for realistic models of organization, where special types and theoretical approaches to organization, management and direction were crystallized, such as: systematic, cybernetic and situational approach, and especially the theory of change management by Ichak Adizes. The abovementioned theoretical approaches can be applied in hostage crisis management. During the action itself, there are various forms of administration and management. The organization typically consists in three levels: strategic, operational and tactical level. Every level has its own system of management and specific characteristics which directly influence critical incident management. Different form of organization implies different priorities when solving specific situations. In hostage crises, the aim of unified control system is to serve as a means of management and application of standard principles of planning, organization, delegation, coordination and critical incident control assessment. The system of hostage crisis management is proactive, and it is established before the occurrence of crisis. The system being proactive, it is possible to foresee what will most probably happen, and be prepared to deal with the situation. The system of hostage crisis management secures the previously planned structure, procedures and communication in order to control and coordinate the activities of different teams (intervention, negotiation, sniper, medical, utility, etc.). The concept of unified hostage crisis management system means that all organizations included in the respon