A methodology for redirected design of bus superstructures regarding their strength
Rollover is among the most common form of bus accidents. Bus safety issues include, among others, the large number of passengers that can be in a bus at the same time, limited extent to which passive safety measures (safety belts, airbags, etc.) can be used, and a relatively low rollover stability o...
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Format: | Dissertation |
Sprache: | srp |
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Zusammenfassung: | Rollover is among the most common form of bus accidents. Bus safety issues
include, among others, the large number of passengers that can be in a bus at
the same time, limited extent to which passive safety measures (safety belts,
airbags, etc.) can be used, and a relatively low rollover stability of this
type of vehicle. Bus construction requirements therefore include solutions
for improved rollover safety as a part of the design process. Within this
dissertation, the developed methodological approach of superstructure modular
rings forming is presented, which represent basic elements of superstructure
strength. Starting activities are based on defining of plastic deformation
zones during rollover and determination of located plastic hinges
characteristics. Then, discretized numerical beam models are formed, with
experimentaly defined characteristics and calculated values of absorbed
energy. Achieved results enable implementation of discretized models into the
further designing process where, through higher level of numerical analysis,
we can get basic characteristics of superstructure modular rings. Finally,
assumed methodology has been confirmed with experimental verification on real
physical model of superstructure modular ring.
Prevrtanje predstavlja jedan od najčešćih vidova autobuskih nezgoda.
Parametri bezbednosti autobusa uzimaju u obzir, između ostalog, veliki broj
putnika koji se istovremeno nalaze u autobusu, ograničeni broj mera pasivne
bezbednosti koje se mogu koristiti (sigurnosni pojasevi, vazdušni jastuci,
itd.), kao i relativno lošu bočnu stabilnost ovih vozila. Zbog toga zahtevi
za konstrukciju autobusa uključuju rešenja za poboljšanje bezbednosti vozila
protiv prevrtanja, kao deo procesa projektovanja. U okviru doktorske
disertacije predstavljen je razvijeni metodološki pristup formiranja
modularnih prstenova nadgradnje, koji predstavljaju osnovne noseće elemente
čvrstoće konstrukcije. Početne aktivnosti zasnivaju se na definisanju zona
plastičnih deformacija prilikom prevrtanja i određivanju karakteristika
lociranih plastičnih zglobova. Zatim se formiraju diskretizovani numerički
gredni modeli, sa eksperimentalno definisanim karakteristikama i poznatim
vrednostima apsorbovane energije. Dobijeni rezultati omogućavaju uključenje
diskretizovanih modela u dalji proces projektovanja, gde se kroz viši nivo
numeričke analize dobijaju osnovne karakteristike modularnih prstenova
nadgradnje. Konačno, pretpostavljena metodologija potvrđena je
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