The A[subscript 1c] Blood Test: An Illustration of Principles from General and Organic Chemistry

The glycated hemoglobin blood test, usually designated as the A[subscript 1c] test, is a key measure of the effectiveness of glucose control in diabetics. The chemistry of glucose in the bloodstream, which underlies the test and its impact, provides an illustration of the importance of chemical equilibrium and kinetics to a major health problem. The reactions of glucose with proteins described in this contribution illustrate the assembly of complex organic products via simple steps (e.g., imine formation, enolization, aldol reactions, dehydrations) accessible to organic chemistry students. This material can be used to maintain or enhance student interest in courses ranging from introductory to advanced organic and physical chemistry courses. (Contains 3 schemes and 3 notes.)