Autonomous Online English Language Learning in Indonesian Higher Education Contexts

This study aims to address the limited research on informal online language learning with an initial focus on regional Indonesian contexts but viewed and discussed using a global language education framework. To be more detailed, the present study analyzes the types of technology and the language learning activities that learners use and do in autonomous online and informal learning settings. A cross-sectional survey supported by interviews involving English language students in the regional Indonesian university context was conducted. The findings suggest that learners had sufficient hardware technology to conduct autonomous online and informal language learning, but that their choices for the software/website platforms used varied. As for the activities, general preference towards receptive skill-based activities was found, but increased balance in receptive-productive skills was noted in reading and writing. The implications of the study are further elaborated in the paper and recommendations for language teachers, institutions, and further research on a global perspective are offered.