Voices of Hmong American Students on Their Diaspora

Hmong Americans are originally a preliterate, seminomadic, and agrarian ethnic hill tribe from Southeast Asia and have now been in the US for the last four decades. From the 1960s to the mid-1970s, the Hmong joined forces with the US during the Secret War in Laos. After the US pulled out of Laos in 1975, the new Laotian regime began persecuting the Hmong for having supported the Americans. From 1975 to 2014, the American government cooperated in relocating several waves of Hmong refugees to the US. In the mid-1980s, researchers began to examine Hmong American students' experiences. The most studied area was their education. In 1985, Goldstein examined the cultural challenges that Hmong boys and girls endured as they transitioned to American high schools.