Online Learning Engagement: Critical Factors and Research Evidence from Literature

In this study, we highlight how previous work on online learning engagement, especially its antecedents and outcomes, has changed over the past decade. Our analysis of literature consisted of three parts: topics; theories and methodology. In addition, we describe current developments in the study of online learning engagement and discuss the role of emerging technologies in better understanding online learning engagement. We have found that even though most factors that have proved to be effective in traditional settings also apply to online learning environments, current research tends to repeat itself if seen through the lens of topics and results. Following the current trends that we have summarised, we propose new directions for research on engagement in online learning.