Integrating Validation Arguments With the Assessment Triangle: A Framework for Operationalizing and Instantiating Validation

Despite the call for an argument-based approach to validity over 25 years ago, few examples exist in the published literature. One possible explanation for this outcome is that the complexity of the argument-based approach makes implementation difficult. To counter this claim, we propose that the Assessment Triangle can serve as the overarching framework for operationalizing and instantiating the argument-based approach to validation. Integrating these frameworks can streamline the validation process by providing a conceptual lens for identifying, collecting, and evaluating relevant sources of evidence throughout the testing process. To fully examine this proposed conceptualization, we apply the integrated framework to an example case of a universal screener for middle-school mathematics. We articulate an interpretation and use argument for the universal screener, and then present relevant sources of evidence to evaluate the plausibility of the inferences and warrants underlying test score use. Based on this applied example, the strengths and limitations of the integrated framework are considered, and recommendations are made for future instantiations.