Towards a Typology of Applicatives in Bantu

An analysis of applicative constructions in Bantu languages proposes a typology of applicative structures, using examples from Ndendeule and Swahili. First, the basic facts about applicative constructions are presented, including those concerning morphology, meaning, and alternative expressions, and several arguments are posited. Primary objects properties diagnostics are then applied to six different applied objects. Previous typology of applied objects is reviewed and the proposed new typology is outlined. Verb phrase (VP) ellipsis is advanced as evidence of the structure of the VP, and a complex VP structure for applicative constructions is suggested. It is concluded that based on primary object properties, there are three types of applicatives whose prototypes are benefactive, instrumental, and locative. These constituent structures involve two VPs: one VP which contains the theme/patient is embedded in another VP, which contains the applied object. In addition, the applicative morpheme is a predicate head that selects the minimal VP and the applied object. Implications for mapping of the structure are considered briefly. Contains 25 references. (MSE)