Teaching Strategies for the Clarification of Values. Guidelines Paper VI

The term "values" is defined in various ways. Values are important because the decisions one makes in life, influenced by one's values, largely determine the quality of experiences, the depth of understanding, and one's contribution to humanity. The child comes into the school system with certain "ego virtues" which form the basic ingredients out of which value systems develop. The five psychological dimensions of value change which are important in dealing with children are explained. Debate continues over whether particular values should be consciously and systematically emphasized. Guidelines are given for handling controversial issues, and the responsibilities of the teacher are delineated. Effective teachers provide varied experiences and encourage students to develop their own conclusions. Important emphases in the study of values are (1) building self-appreciation, (2) working with parents and community, (3) finding models, (4) using generalizations to stimulate discussion, (5) examining issues, (6) building on interests, (7) introducing children to life's paradoxes, and (8) determining personal goals and their symbolic representations. These emphases are discussed with supporting classroom activities. (KP)