Using locks of different scopes in a data storage system to optimize performance and complexity

Embodiments are directed to methods for allowing an I/O path of a data storage system to directly modify an object model while bypassing the highly-contested transaction lock used by a control path. This may be done by introducing a local lock to be used for individual resources within the object model. The control path also uses this local lock mechanism (in the context of a transaction lock) for essential resources that might be accessed by the I/O path in order to avoid accessing a given essential resource at the same time as the I/O path. A data storage system, apparatus, and computer program product for performing similar methods are also provided.