Communication mechanism using co-primary spectrum sharing

An apparatus including: at least one processor, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: conduct a processing related to set up a spectrum cooperation relationship in which a spectrum used for communication by a second communication network is allowed to be shared by at least one access network element of a first communication network, receive and process control information indicating an establishment of a spectrum cooperation relationship between the first communication network and the second communication network, and establish, on the basis of the control information, a communication connection path to the second communication network wherein the at least one access network element of the first communication network acts as a communication element of the second communication network.