Microwave sensing for tissue sealing

A system for monitoring the target tissue during a tissue sealing procedure is disclosed. The system includes a forceps having opposing jaw members movable from a first position in spaced relation relative to one another to at least one subsequent position wherein the jaw members cooperate to grasp the tissue therebetween. Each of the jaw members includes a sealing member. The system also includes a generator coupled to the sealing members so that therapeutic energy is delivered to the target tissue. The generator includes an output stage configured to generate therapeutic energy and a microwave detector configured to measure reflected and/or absorbed microwave signals. The monitored microwave signals may be either the therapeutic energy signal or a separate non-therapeutic microwave monitoring signal. The generator also includes a controller operatively coupled to the microwave detector. The controller is configured to determine the state of the tissue based on the reflected and/or absorbed microwave signals and to control the delivery of therapeutic energy from the generator to tissue based on the microwave measurements.