Operating system interface implementation using network-accessible services

Methods and apparatus for operating system interface implementation using network-accessible services are described. A request to execute a particular program at a distributed computing platform implementing a set of operating system interfaces using resources of network-accessible services of a provider network is received. A compute instance of a computing service is selected for executing operations of a thread of the program. Corresponding to the invocation of a particular operating system interface within the program, at least one operation is performed at a particular service. An overall result of execution of the particular program is determined based at least in part of results of the at least one operation.