X-ray microscope system with cryogenic handling system and method

A cartridge-based cryogenic imaging system includes a sample handling system. This system uses a kinematic base and cold interface system that provides vertical loading to horizontally mounted high-precision rotation stages that are able to facilitate automated high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging with computed tomography (CT). Flexible metal braids are used to provide cooling and also allow a large range of rotation. A robotic sample transfer and loading system provides further automation by allowing a number of samples to be loaded and automatically sequentially placed on the sample stage and imaged. These characteristics provide the capability of high-throughput and highly automated cryogenic x-ray microscopy and computed tomography.