Methods and apparatus for generating permutations

Methods and apparatus for determining at least one permutation of a set of a K number of values are disclosed. The methods and apparatus utilize a first permutation functionality that maps an index value to another value within the set of K values according to the first outputting the mapped value as a next value in the at least one permutation; setting the index value to a next index value according to a second predefined permutation function; and repeating mapping, outputting and setting until each operation is performed at least K number of times and a permuted sequence of the K number of values has been output.