Optical apparatus, lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method

An optical apparatus includes an illumination system configured to form a pulsed radiation beam, an optical element with a surface on which the radiation beam is incident in operation, and a gas source arranged to supply a mixture of a first type of gas and a second type of gas to a space adjacent t...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	WOLSCHRIJN BASTIAAN THEODOOR, JANSEN RIK, BANINE VADIM YEVGENYEVICH, SPEE CAROLUS IDA MARIA ANTONIUS, MOORS JOHANNES HUBERTUS JOSEPHINA
Format:	Patent
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT CHEMISTRY CINEMATOGRAPHY COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATIONOR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL COATING METALLIC MATERIAL DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL ELECTROGRAPHY HOLOGRAPHY INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION INGENERAL MATERIALS THEREFOR METALLURGY MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLICMATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASSC23 AND AT LEAST ONEPROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25 NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE ORIGINALS THEREFOR PHOTOGRAPHY PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES,e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORDEVICES PHYSICS
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	An optical apparatus includes an illumination system configured to form a pulsed radiation beam, an optical element with a surface on which the radiation beam is incident in operation, and a gas source arranged to supply a mixture of a first type of gas and a second type of gas to a space adjacent the surface. Particles of the first and second types of gas are capable of reacting with the surface, when activated by the radiation beam. The gas source is configured to generate a combination of surface occupation numbers of molecules of the first and second types of gas on the surface under operating conditions, at least prior to pulses of the radiation beam, the combination of surface occupation numbers lying in a range in which reactions of particles with the surface during pulses of the radiation beam are in majority reversed.