Probabilistic computing methods and apparatus

A new probabilistic computing system (PCS) provides computational functionality needed to efficiently realize randomized computing methods in otherwise standard, deterministic digital computing systems. The PCS may be incorporated in a standard computing platform such as a PC or workstation. In the PCS, a computational path includes a random access memory (RAM) where a predetermined computing problem is stored in conjunctive normal form. A nondeterministic subsystem generates random binary values forming a proposed solution to the problem, which solution is rapidly checked through a crosspoint switch array coupled to the RAM. The computational path essentially runs asynchronously, while a delay circuit provides delay and timing signals for interfacing with external DRAM, as well as a synchronizing signal for operation of several of the PCS systems together for enhanced performance.