Electrochemical interconnection

Processes for fabricating electrochemical interconnections between semiconductor chip pads and substrate pads. First, pads on a substrate are electrically shorted by depositing a film of conductive metal, conductive bumps are created on the substrate pads, and the pads on the substrate are aligned with pads on a semiconductor chip. Then, by electrochemically depositing metal to the bumps, electrical interconnections are formed between the semiconductor chips pads and the substrate pads. Finally, the film of conductive metal is removed to eliminate the electrical shorting. The resulting electrochemical interconnections are highly reliable and have high tensile strengths.