Reference electrode for strong oxidizing acid solutions

A reference electrode for the measurement of the oxidation-reduction potentials of solutions is especially suitable for oxidizing solutions such as highly concentrated and fuming nitric acids, the solutions of nitrogen oxides, N2O4 and N2O5, in nitric acids. The reference electrode is fabricated of entirely inert materials, has a half cell of Pt/Ce(IV)/Ce(III)/70 wt. % HNO3, and includes a double-junction design with an intermediate solution of 70 wt. % HNO3. The liquid junctions are made from Corning No. 7930 glass for low resistance and negligible solution leakage.