Simulation of pitching moment of aircraft on runway

991,731. Electric analogue calculating. CURTISS-WRIGHT CORPORATION. April 13, 1962 [April 13, 1961], No. 14431/62. Heading G4G. [Also in Division B7] An analogue computer for producing flight parameter signals in aircrew training apparatus has means for simulating pitching moment during take-off of an aircraft with a tricycle undercarriage, comprising electrical means for producing a signal that is a function of simulated pitch angle during the initial part of take-off, and for holding the signal constant when the ptich has risen to a value corresponding to nose-wheel liftoff, means producing a signal representing the pitching moment produced by the main landing gear, and means responsive to simulated on-ground/ airborne conditions for controlling the application of the signals to a rate of pitch computer. In the Figure a rate of pitch summing and integrating amplifier 11 receives five input signals, of which that at terminal 20 represents pitching moment due to elevator deflection, derived from a potentiometer 6 connected to a dummy control column 5, to provide a signal modified by potentiometer 12 in the true air speed servo-system 13, 14 and by potentiometer 16 in the altitude servosystem 18, 141 (to represent the effect of ambient air density). The signal at terminal 23 is obtained from a potentiometer 22 energized by a potential representing lift and driven by a turbo-prop r.p.m. servo-system 21, 1411, to represent pitching moment due to lift and the action of the propeller slipstream. The remaining signals represent pitching moments produced by the undercarriage while on the runway, and are accordingly fed through ganged switches 27, 33, 35 which remove the signals when the simulated aircraft is airborne, by de-energization of relay 28 by the altitude computer. The signal at terminal 34 is proportional to the aircraft weight less the lift, and represents the pitching moment produced by the main landing gear. The signals at terminals 31 and 32 together represent the pitching moment produced by the nose wheel. This is a function of the angle of pitch, and since during the take-off the flight path elevation angle is zero, the angle of attack can be used instead. Accordingly, the output signal of an angle of attack amplifier 24, which signal goes increasingly negative as the pitch angle rises from zero, together with a constant positive signal +E, are fed over switches 27 and 33 respectively to terminals 31 and 32. The variable signal is scaled and is li