ANATOMY-DRIVEN AUGMENTATION OF MEDICAL IMAGES

Systems/techniques that facilitate anatomy-driven augmentation of medical images are provided. In various embodiments, a system can access a medical image and a ground-truth segmentation mask corresponding to the medical image, wherein the ground-truth segmentation mask can indicate a location of a first anatomical structure depicted in the medical image. In various aspects, the system can create an augmented version of the medical image and an augmented version of the ground-truth segmentation mask, by applying a continuous deformation field to fewer than all pixels or voxels in the medical image and in the ground-truth segmentation mask. In various instances, the continuous deformation field can encompass: pixels or voxels that correspond to the first anatomical structure; and pixels or voxels that correspond to a surrounding periphery of the first anatomical structure.