Measurement, Reporting, And Verification (MRV) For Ocean Carbon Dioxide Removal Systems

MRV for an ocean CDR system is achieved by varying the release/delivery of base substance into ocean seawater such that the base substance propagates as a series of release batch wavefronts along a dispersion path. A release frequency, which controls a timing of the release batch wavefronts, is selected to coincide with a non-natural frequency (e.g., a frequency exhibiting quiet/weak power spectra in a natural seawater chemistry variation power spectrum). Time-based seawater carbonate chemistry measurement data, which is collected by ocean-based sensors disposed in the base substance's dispersion path during base substance release, records both human-induced contributions caused by the release batch wavefronts and natural seawater chemistry variations. The time-based sensor data is processed using frequency-domain techniques to generate a power spectrum in which human-induced contributions at the non-natural frequency can be distinguished from natural variation contributions, thereby facilitating verification of the system's contribution to atmospheric CO2 reduction.