SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO DETERMINE ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROGRAM RAPIDLY IN REAL TIME

Systems and methods to determine an electrochemical impedance spectrogram (EIS) rapidly in real time are provided. Embodiments described herein provide an approach to determine an EIS rapidly (e.g., much less than one second) over a wide band of frequencies. Since the EIS is a foundational diagnostic that is used in a wide variety of applications involving electrochemical events, the proposed approach will significantly impact a wide range of applications. Novel waveforms and systems analysis techniques are used to determine the electrochemical impedance over a wide range of frequencies simultaneously. Embodiments can be readily integrated into conventional electrochemical workstations and embedded devices. Other embodiments can be instantiated into custom-made hardware depending on the needs of a given application. The speed and resolution of the EIS obtained using this approach can be tailored to a wide variety of applications.