REPULSIVE-FORCE ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATOR

A repulsive-force electrostatic actuator includes a first actuator layer including a first substrate, a first electrode pattern, and a second electrode pattern. The actuator includes a second actuator layer spaced apart from the first actuator layer that includes a second substrate, a third electrode pattern, and a fourth electrode pattern. The actuator includes a voltage source connected to the first, second, third, and fourth electrode patterns such that the first electrode pattern is at an opposite voltage relative to the second, the third electrode pattern is at an opposite voltage relative to the fourth, and the first and second actuator layers are arranged to have a repulsive electrostatic force therebetween. The actuator further includes an actuator frame connected to the first and second actuator layers such that at least a portion of at least one of the first and second actuator layers is movable due to an applied voltage to effect motion to an object.