Hyperspectral/Multispectral Imaging Direct Push Probe

An apparatus comprising: a probe configured to be pushed into a subsurface soil environment; a transparent window mounted to a side of the probe; a broad-spectrum light source mounted within the probe and positioned such that when the light source is activated broad-spectrum light exits the window; a tunable optical filter mounted within the probe and positioned so as to receive, as an input, light reflected back through the window from the subsurface soil environment, wherein the filter comprises a plurality of settings at each of which the filter is configured to output light within a given wavelength range to the exclusion of other wavelength light ranges; and an imaging system disposed within the probe and configured to capture an image of the output light from the filter at each of the settings at a given depth of the probe in the subsurface soil environment.