FIXING MEMBER, FIXING APPARATUS, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING FIXING MEMBER

The present invention relates to a fixing member that can apply a sufficient pressure to toner particles even at convex portions of a paper surface while maintaining an advantage of a surface layer composed of a soft rubber layer, i.e., high conformity to concave portions of a paper surface and that prevents adhesion of contamination to the surface and hardly changes the fixing ability thereof. The fixing member has a surface layer that comes into contact with toner. The surface layer has a sea-island structure including a sea phase of fluororubber and an island phase of a silicone compound having a crosslinked structure; is constituted so that a tangential elastic modulus, being the slope of a stress-strain curve of the surface layer, increases with an increase in strain in a strain range of 0.25 to 0.8; and contains an ionic liquid.