Optical transmitter and receiver and optical transmission and reception system

An optical transmitter and receiver has stored in advance therein FEC techniques and applicable conditions for applying the FEC techniques to a counterpart optical transmitter and receiver. The optical transmitter and receiver measures a state of receiving data transmitted from the counterpart optical transmitter and receiver, determines an applicable condition satisfying the measured data reception state from among the stored applicable conditions, and selects a FEC technique stored in association with the applicable condition determined as satisfying. The optical transmitter and receiver then notifies the counterpart optical transmitter and receiver of the selected FEC technique.