Electromagnetic testing model of human hand

Model human hands ( 902 ) for use in electromagnetic (e.g., microwave and RF) testing comprise a skeleton ( 1200, 104 ) of dielectric tubes ( 142, 148, 166, 170, 174, 178, 206, 208, 210, 1202, 1212, 1214, 1216, 1228, 1230, 1236, 1240, 1242, 194, 195, 196 ) inside a glove ( 908 ) that is filled with a fluid that has electrical properties that match that of a typical human hand at a particular frequency. According to certain embodiments the model hands comprise thumbs ( 193, 1236 ) that are located out of a plane of palms of the model hands. According to one embodiment the dielectric tubes are pivotally coupled to each other and biasing means ( 181,702 ) are provided to bias the hand into a gripping position so that the model human hand is able to grip different types of wireless communication devices ( 802 ) in different ways.