Apparatus for calibrating retinal imaging systems

A model eye for calibrating a retinal imaging system is provided including a backplane having a negative radius of curvature R centered on the optical axis and a clear aperture diameter D2; a distance h along the optical axis from the nodal point to the backplane; an unobstructed field of view 2θ; a closed fluid fillable housing; a mechanical system for mounting, aligning, and preserving spacings of the elements of the model eye; and a pattern applied to the backplane, the pattern having a rotational symmetry and a radial repeating unit, extending substantially across the clear aperture, that spatially modulates intensity of light reflected from, or transmitted through, a surface of the backplane. D2/D1 is greater than 2, an absolute value of R/h is greater than 0.5, and 2θ is greater than zero (0) degrees.