Modular hardware and software integration for environmental sensor devices

An apparatus includes a housing enclosing a microcontroller and multiple sensors. The microcontroller automatically detects a system status of the apparatus and selects at least one of a network interface from a set of network interfaces or a communications protocol from a set of communications protocols, based on the system status. The microcontroller also receives measurements from each of the sensors. In response to detecting an anomaly among the measurements, an anomaly message is generated and broadcast to at least one peer compute device via the selected at least one of the network interface or the communications protocol, and a signal representing the measurements is generated and wirelessly transmitted to a remote compute device. In response to not detecting an anomaly among the plurality of measurements, a signal representing the plurality of measurements is generated and wirelessly sent to the remote compute device.