Battery management system (BMS) and application

A battery management system, comprising a bank of serially connected battery cells having a lower most cell connected to ground and an uppermost cell connected to one port of a load, the other port of which being connected to ground; circuitry for sampling the output voltage of a selected battery cell; a voltage to current converter for receiving the sampled battery cell output voltage, which consists of a current source that outputs current being proportional to the sampled output voltage a predetermined resistor, connected between the current source output and ground, into which the output current of the current source is fed; a control circuit, adapted to measure the voltage generated across the predetermined resistor with respect to ground; determine whether or not the selected battery cell is fully charged according to the difference between the measured voltage and a predetermined threshold voltage; repeat the process for additional battery cells of the bank.