Method for carbon dioxide capture and concentration by partitioned multistage circulation based on mass transfer-reaction regulation

The present invention relates to a method for carbon dioxide capture and concentration by partitioned multistage circulation based on mass transfer-reaction regulation. In the present invention, multiple means such as multistage circulating absorption, intelligent multi-factor regulation, pre-washing and cooling, inter-stage cooling, post-stage washing, slurry cleaning, cooling water waste heat utilization, small-particle-size and high-density spraying, external strengthening field such as a thermal field/ultrasonic field/electric field, and catalysis by composite catalyst are adopted, so that the target for low cost, low energy consumption, stability and high efficiency is realized. The secondary pollutants are effectively inhibited while carbon dioxide is efficiently captured; meanwhile, high-efficiency capture, low-energy desorption, and high-purity concentration of carbon dioxide are implemented. From top to bottom in sequence, the multistage circulation is used to remove aerosols, improves carbon capture efficiency, maintains absorption rate, concentrates solution, which reduces the carbon emission reduction cost.