Processes and apparatus for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom

Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulo...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	O'Connor, Ryan, Nelson, Kimberly, Retsina, Theodora, Pylkkanen, Vesa
Format:	Patent
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	APPARATUS THEREFOR BEER BIOCHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS DERIVATIVES THEREOF ENZYMOLOGY FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIREDCHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERSFROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER METALLURGY MICROBIOLOGY MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR PAPER-MAKING POLYSACCHARIDES PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCESFROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS PULP COMPOSITIONS REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS SACCHARIDES, OTHER THAN SUCROSE, OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCESOR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DI-, OLIGO- ORPOLYSACCHARIDES SPIRITS SUGAR INDUSTRY TEXTILES THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G VINEGAR WINE
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.