Multi-pass video encoding

Systems, methods and computer readable mediums are presented for encoding a stream of input video frames, in which the input video frames are down sampled and the down sampled frames are encoded in a first encoding pass to generate a set of first pass coded frames forming a single first pass I frame and a plurality of first pass P frames formed into first pass sub-groups of pictures (SUB-GOPs). First pass encoding statistics are generated for individual first pass SUB-GOPs, and the statistics are used to encode the input video frames in a second encoding pass to generate a set of second pass coded frames.