Method and apparatus with neural network data input and output control

A neural network deep learning data control apparatus includes: a memory; an encoding circuit configured to receive a data sequence, generate a compressed data sequence in which consecutive invalid bits in a bit string of the data sequence are compressed into a single bit of the compressed data sequence, generate a validity determination sequence indicating a valid bit and an invalid bit in a bit string of the compressed data sequence, and write the compressed data sequence and the validity determination sequence to the memory; and a decoding circuit configured to read the compressed data sequence and the validity determination sequence from the memory, and determine a bit in the bit string of the compressed data sequence set for transmission to a neural network circuit, based on the validity determination sequence, such that the neural network circuit omits an operation with respect to non-consecutive invalid bits.