Map creation and localization for autonomous driving applications

An end-to-end system for data generation, map creation using the generated data, and localization to the created map is disclosed. Mapstreams-or streams of sensor data, perception outputs from deep neural networks (DNNs), and/or relative trajectory data-corresponding to any number of drives by any number of vehicles may be generated and uploaded to the cloud. The mapstreams may be used to generate map data-and ultimately a fused high definition (HD) map-that represents data generated over a plurality of drives. When localizing to the fused HD map, individual localization results may be generated based on comparisons of real-time data from a sensor modality to map data corresponding to the same sensor modality. This process may be repeated for any number of sensor modalities and the results may be fused together to determine a final fused localization result.