Method and device for efficient HARQ operation

The present disclosure is research (No. GK17N0100, Millimeter-wave 5G Mobile Communication System Development) having been performed with support from "The Cross-Ministry Giga KOREA Project" funded by the government (Ministry of Science and ICT) in 2017. Disclosed are: a communication technique for merging, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, healthcare, digital education, retail, security, and safety related services, and the like) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. According to the present invention, a method by which a transmitter transmits data comprises a step of transmitting a data packet to a receiver, receiving hybrid ARQ (HARQ) feedback information based on a decoded result of the data packet, generating a data packet to be re-transmitted on the basis of the HARQ feedback information, and transmitting, to the receiver, the data packet to be re-transmitted, wherein the HARQ feedback information can include acknowledgment (ACK) or negative-acknowledgment (NACK) and information including a HARQ status of the data packet.