Electronic device for providing visual effect based on location of user by using light-emitting device and method thereof

Disclosed is an electronic device including a housing, a plurality of output devices which are visually exposed through a part of the housing and are disposed at different positions, at least one sensor which is positioned in the housing and disposed at a position adjacent to the positions at which the plurality of output devices are disposed, and a processor. The electronic device may obtain a plurality of first distance values between the plurality of output devices and an object using the at least one sensor, output light through at least one first output device selected from among the plurality of output devices, based on at least one first distance value belonging to values in a first specified range among the plurality of first distance values, obtain a plurality of second distance values between the plurality of output devices and the object using the at least one sensor, and output light through at least one second output device selected from among the plurality of output devices, based on at least one second distance value belonging to values in a second specified range among the plurality of second distance values. In addition, various embodiments understood from the specification are possible.