Systems and methods for treating substrates with cryogenic fluid mixtures

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for treating the surface of a microelectronic substrate, using a cryogenic fluid mixture used to treat an exposed surface of the microelectronic substrate. The fluid mixture may be expanded through a nozzle to form an aerosol spray or gas cluster jet (GCJ) spray may impinge the microelectronic substrate and remove particles from the microelectronic substrate's surface. The system may include a two-stage gas nozzle that expands the high pressure incoming gas within two inline expansion chambers. However, in other embodiments, the system may include a single stage nozzle design with one expansion component.