Compression and/or decompression of activation data

A method for compressing activation data of a neural network to be written to a storage is provided. The activation data is formed into a plurality of groups and a state indicator indicates whether there are any data elements within each group that have a non-zero value. A second state indicator indicates, for groups having a non-zero value, whether sub-groups within the group contain a data element having a non-zero value. A sub-group state indicator indicates, for each sub-group having a non-zero value, which data elements within that sub-group have a non-zero value. Non-zero values of data elements in the activation data are encoded and a compressed data set is formed comprising the first state indicators, any second state indicators, any sub-group state indicators and the encoded non-zero values.